.Definition of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Obstetric and gynecology mainly concern on the medical and surgical as well as the management of pregnancy and childbirth and with the health of the female reproductive system. Obstetrics is first practiced by midwives and later developed as a medical discipline in the 17th–19th centuries, adopting the use of forceps in delivery, anesthetics, and antiseptic methods. Anesthetics and antiseptic method made cesarean section possible. Obstetricians is the one who confirm pregnancy, diagnose ectopic pregnancy, conduct prenatal care, and perform amniocentesis, deliver babies, as well as perform abortions.
In the late 20th century a backlash against the excessive medicalization of birth led to a revival of midwifery and encouragement of natural childbirth. Gynecologists ia the one who do routine pelvic exams, take samples for Pap smears, advise on and prescribe birth control, and treat reproductive system disorders (e.g., endometriosis, hormonal imbalances, problems with menstruation and menopause). They perform surgery to prevent conception (tubal ligation), repair pelvic injuries, and remove cysts and tumours from the uterus, cervix, and ovaries. Both specialties are involved in diagnosis and treatment of infertility in either male or female.
Professional Association
The Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society of Malaysia (OGSM) is an independent, non-profit and non-governmental organisation with affiliation to the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the Asia-Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (AOFOG). It was established in 1963 by several pioneer obstetricians and gynaecologists in the Federation of Malaya, notably Dr JD Llewellyn-Jones from General Hospital Kuala Lumpur and Dr Ariffin Marzuki from General Hospital Ipoh. Initially, it was recognised by the name Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society of the Federation of Malaya. The first President of the society was Dr S Lourdenadin and there were initially 20 members. When Malaysia was formed, the society was renamed the Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society of Malaysia.
The society has now more than 850 doctor members. Membership is drawn from specialists and trainees representing the government, the universities and the private sectors.
The society organises an Annual Congress to update its members on the current developments in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology in conjunction with its Annual General Meeting. Besides the Annual Congress, the society also organises workshops, seminars and lectures as part of its continuing professional development activities with the assistance of its state representatives and subcommittee chairpersons.
The society has also hosted successfully a number of international meetings.
The society is also engaged in promoting women’s health by organising community health projects and health awareness campaigns such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometriosis and young women wellness programmes in schools and colleges.
OGSM aims at promoting the development of science and assisting in scientific research relating to all the fields pertaining to O&G.
OGSM provides a meeting place for those doctors registered in Malaysia and interested in the art and science of O&G.
REGISTRATION AS A SPECIALIST IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, NATIONAL SPECIALIST REGISTER (REQUIREMENT TO WORK IN O&G)
1. Application must be on the Application Form for registration as a specialist in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the National Specialist Register of Malaysia.
2. Obstetrics and Gynaecology is listed as No. 6 of the list of Specialities
3. The list of recognised postgraduate qualifications recognised for registration are as listed below:
3.1. Master in Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Kebangsaan
3.2. Master in Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya
3.3. Master in Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Sains Malaysia
3.4. Membership Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology London (MRCOG)
4. The applicant must be registered with the Malaysian Medical Council.Thus the applicant has a registrable basic medical degree
5. The applicant must have a minimum of 2 years practice after their postgraduate qualification
6. There are 3 groups of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
6.1. Obstetricians and Gynaecologists gazetted with the Ministry of Health Malaysia
6.2. Obstetricians and Gynaecologists working in various Universities:
- Appointed by the University concerned as a specialist.
6.3. Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in private practice having the
above postgraduate qualification listed but not having been gazetted by KKM or any of the public universities.
6.3.1. Those with less than 5 years of active practicing must submit :
- Details of the postgraduate training received after obtaining Basic Medical Degree.
-Previous/ current appointments.
- Log Book of work experience.
-Training, courses attended since postgraduate qualification.
- Must have undergone a structured training programme with supervisor of 5 years working experience.
- Application for registration as a specialist in the NSR by applicants with post graduate degree not on the list of approved Obstetrics and Gynaecology postgraduate qualifications.
TRAINING PROGRAMME IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
i)Training Structured Programme for the Master In Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology
1. Master Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology UKM
2. Master Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology UM
3. Master Medicine Obstetrics and Gynaecology USM
1.1. Master in O&G – Selection/Training the Conjoint Board UM/UKM/USM
a) The Masters in O&G Specialist Training programme is currently run by the conjoint Board of University of Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Universiti Sains Malaysia with the Ministry of Health.
b) The President of College of O&G – AMM is a member of the Conjoint of UM, UKM and USM.
c) The doctors need at least 2 years of compulsory training as housemen and Medical Officers prior to entry into programme. A recommendation has been made to shorten the 3 year requirement to 2 years.
d) The selection of candidates into Masters in O&G programme is by application and interview of the candidate by the respective Universities. Recently efforts have been made to standardise the
admission criteria. A suggestion has been made to have an open system and by examination.
e) The candidate selected is posted to one of the accredited Hospitals,under the Ministry of Health or the University They undergo a period of orientation prior to their clinical postings. The masters
programme has the following requirements.
1st year - Part 1 Examination
2nd year - Case write up
3rd year - Study and thesis write ups
4th year - Rotation to various subspecialities 3 month rotation
f) On passing the final Master Examination, the doctor is conferred the master O&G Degree by the respective University.
g) The Masters O&G doctors are required to do minimum of 6 months pre-gazettment posting.
h) At the end of 6 months, an evaluation is made by the Head of Department of O&G and if the report is satisfactory, the masters O&G doctor is gazetted as a specialist by the Ministry of Health or the University.
ii) TRAINING STRUCTURED SUBSPECIALTIES PROGRAMME IN O&G
The subspecialist training in O&G is currently conducted by the Ministry of Health through the JKPPOG (Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Perkembangan O&G).
The O&G specialist have to do a minimum period of 2 years of general Obstetrics and Gynaecology after passing the Masters in O&G, to gain experience in the field prior to be eligible for subspecialty training.
Four areas of subspecialisation has been identified in O&G :-
1. Maternal Fetal Medicine
2. Reproductive Medicine
3. Uro Gynaecology
4. Gynae Oncology
Each of the subspecialty training programme have their own curriculum, log book and structured training schedule. Candidates apply for subspecialty training through prescribed forms to the Ministry of Health. These applications are then submitted by the Ministry of Health to the respective Subspecialty Training Committees, which interviews the candidates and if suitable, he or she will be provided with the training schedule.
- 1st year training -Recognized centres in Ministry of Health or University
- 2nd year training -Recognized overseas centres or locally
- 3rd year training -The candidates will be posted to hospital to practice under indirect supervision.
During these periods of training the candidates need to keep log books and need a 6
monthly supervisors report. After completion of 3 years of training, the candidates submits to the subspecialty training committee, his or her assessment reports, log book, research papers and other relevant documents. He/She is called for an interview by the subspecialty training committee which reviews all his/her training reports and issues a letter of satisfactory completion of training.
Since May 2006 an Exit Board had been created to review and evaluate the subcommittee’s report and issue a certificate of completion of training to the candidates. All these documents are then submitted to the Ministry of Health for gazettement of the candidates as a subspecialist. Currently the subspecialty training in the Ministry of Health is conducted by the Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Perkembangan O&G (JKPPOG). The Head of the Ministry of Health O&G Services heads the JKPPOG committee and its members are all the state heads of O&G and other senior O&G specialists in the Ministry of Health. The JKPPOG committee appoints the head of the Subspecialty Training Committees and he in turn appoints the members of his subspecialty training committee.
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